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A Short Biography on Some of Europes Most Loved and Hated Monarchs - Pt 4 Queen Mary I
Queen Mary I of England was born in 1516 to Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon and was the first British monarch to rule in her own right. Mary was pronounced queen in 1553 and ruled for five years after the death of Edward VI. Mary was well educated and learned to speak Latin, Spanish, French and Italian. She was also taught Greek, science and music. 1547 saw the death of her father and her half brother Edward VI crowned king. Edward was England's first Protestant monarch; his Parliament's Act of Uniformity prescribed Protestant rites for church services. Mary, wanting to keep her Roman Catholic faith, asked to be allowed to worship in private in her own chapel. Upon being ordered to discontinue this practice, Mary appealed to her cousin, the Emperor Charles V. Charles subsequently threatened to declare war against England if Mary's religious rights were infringed. Mary was never bothered again and was left to worship in private. Edward died in 1553 whilst Mary was staying at Framlingham Castle in Suffolk. He had no wish for the Crown to go to either Mary or her half sister Elizabeth, so had them both excluded from the line of succession in his will. One of Mary's first acts after came to power, was to bring the Catholic faith back to England by initially scrapping the religious proclamations of her half brother, Edward VI. Mary replaced the proclamations with the old English laws. Heresy against the church was now punishable by death. The reintroduction of this act earned Mary the nickname, "Bloody Mary". During her short, five-year reign, Queen Mary I had more than 300 subjects burnt at the stake for the act of heresy. The most notable of these was the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer. In 1555, in an effort to produce a male heir, Mary married prince Philip II of Spain. This did not go down well with the people, as many viewed Spain as an enemy of England. Twice during her rule, Mary thought she was pregnant with child, displaying all the symptoms. Alas, this was not so as her symptoms were a sign of a false pregnancy. Mary had convinced herself that she was pregnant and the body reacted accordingly. Following the advice of her husband, Mary allied herself with Spain during the war against France. The subsequent consequences of her actions were that England lost her only and last remaining foothold in the country - Calais. Sadly, in 1558, Philip II left her and went back to Spain to claim the Spanish throne. Queen Mary I, childless and without a husband was forced to recognize her sister, Elizabeth, an Anglican Protestant, as the next ruler of England. Although Mary tried to persuade her sister to convert and accept the Roman Catholic faith, Elizabeth refused and went on to become Queen Elizabeth I. England suffered under the leadership of Mary: the economy was in ruin, religious dissent reached its pinnacle and England lost her last foothold in Europe. Jane Austen wrote about Mary: "This woman had the good luck of being advanced to the throne of England, in spite of the superior pretensions, Merit and Beauty of her Cousins Mary Queen of Scotland and Jane Grey. Nor can I pity the Kingdom for the misfortunes they experienced during her reign, since they fully deserved them..." Mary died at the age of forty-two of influenza, uterine cancer or ovarian cancer at St. James's Palace on 17 November 1558 and is buried in Westminster Abbey beside Elizabeth. The Latin inscription on their tomb translates to "Partners both in Throne and grave, here rest we two sisters, Elizabeth and Mary, in the hope of one resurrection". I hope you have enjoyed reading about Queen Mary I. In my next article will learn about the life of Charles II of England. Until then, Best wishes and have a great day Stuart Bazga www.guide-to-castles-of-europe.com A Guide to Castles of Europe was born from childhood dreams and aspirations. It is my hope to educate and stimulate you into exploring these castles for yourselves.
Latest News:Site: Yahoo! News Search Results for news News Corp exec becomes chief of Germany's Premiere (Reuters via Yahoo! News) News Corp's chief financial officer for Europe and Asia has been named chief executive of German pay television group Premiere, following the resignation of Michael Boernicke, Premiere said on Wednesday. News Corporation to redevelop London Wapping site (Reuters via Yahoo! News) Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation is to redevelop its Wapping site in London, moving all its UK businesses, including News International, Harper Collins, MySpace and Dow Jones, under one roof. UPI NewsTrack Entertainment News (UPI) Chesney nominated for 7 CMAs ... Hoffman: I'm not playing Penguin ... 'RocknRolla' No. 1 at U.K. box office ... Jessica Simpson stops song on 'GMA' ... News from United Press International. DailyMe: News tailored to your individual tastes (The Christian Science Monitor) Column: Custom news websites come and go, but this one gets it right. Get the latest news in racing (Daily Racing Form) In order to read Daily Racing Form's free daily news stories it is required that you have a DRF.com free membership. If you do not have a DRF.com free membership, please register here . You will NOT need to be logged in to read each day's free news stories. Sarah Palin docu wins record ratings for Fox News (Reuters via Yahoo! News) In a week of records surrounding the Republican National Convention, Fox News Channel earned another one with its weekend documentary on vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin. MySpace ad business ahead of target: News Corp (Reuters via Yahoo! News) News Corp's (NWSa.N) MySpace advertising business is operating ahead of expectations and its digital ad business is performing better than the marketplace, the company's chief operating officer said on Tuesday. UPI NewsTrack Quirks in the News (UPI) Peabody Hotel in Memphis declares amnesty ? Night at Hearst Castle up for grabs ? Mother: 6-year-old got stuck in washer ? Couple may keep home thanks to rare coin ? UPI Quirks in the News. UPI NewsTrack Health and Science News (UPI) Mars Lander set to run last of experiments ? Protein found to suppress skin cancer ? NASA: Gamma-ray burst was aimed at Earth ? Study: Continuous blood sugar monitor best ... Health/Science news from UPI. OREGON NEWS (The Oregonian) TWITTER Headlines delivered to your PC or PDA as soon as they're updated. SPEAK UP! Talk about the latest news. Site: news - Google News CNET News Daily Podcast: Say hello to the Palm Pre - CNET News
MORE RESOURCES: Site: Yahoo! News Search Results for humanities Arts and Humanities Prizewinners Announced by Heinz Foundation (New York Times) The visual artist Ann Hamilton is the recipient of the 14th annual Heinz Award for the Arts and Humanities. Maryland Humanities Council meeting in mountains (Cumberland Times-News) For the past two years, Catherine Gira, who retired in June 2006 as president of Frostburg State University, has served as chairwoman of the Maryland Humanities Council. 5:15 p.m. - First Y Tinaotao 5K run to benefit Guam Humanities Council (Pacific Daily News) 5:15 p.m., Sept. 10 ? The Guam Humanities Council presents the First Annual Y Tinaotao 5 K Run, Saturday, Sept. 27. The historically themed run will kick off at the Dulce Nombre de Maria Agana Cathedral-Basilica, circle past Ninth Street in Anigua, and end at the Skinner Plaza in Hagatna. Council obtains a grant to study Chamorro language (Saipan Tribune) The NMI Council for the Humanities has been awarded a grant from the National Science Foundation for a three-year collaborative project to study and help preserve the Chamorro language. Educators in row over English post (The Australian) THE Australian Academy of Humanities yesterday accused the National Curriculum Board of selecting the wrong man in its appointment of a literacy researcher to oversee a uniform school curriculum in English. 14th Heinz Award recipients are announced (Moldova.org) The Heinz Family Foundation says five Americans have been selected to receive a $250,000 award in the memory of the late U.S. Sen. John Heinz, R-Pa.The 14th annual Heinz Award recipients and their categories are:--Technology, Economy and Employment: Associate Professor Joseph DeRisi of the University of California-San Francisco, a noted researcher in molecular genomics.-- Arts and Humanities: ... Scholar to speak on ?Mockingbird' (The Brewton Standard) Alabama Humanities Foundation Road Scholar Nancy Anderson will present ?To Kill a Mockingbird: Successes and Myths? on Sept. 23, at 10 a.m. in the Atmore Public Library meeting room. The East Bay Today: September 10, 2008 (East Bay Express) Brainiac: Learn something new every day. Today's lecture: The Wire: The Audacity of Despair . The Townsend Center for the Humanities presents a lecture by David Simon, a Baltimore-based author, journalist, and writer-producer of television who is the creator, executive producer, and head writer of the critically acclaimed original HBO series The Wire . At the Maude Fife Room in Wheeler Hall. ETC.: Crayton named to BSU dean?s list (Marion Chronicle-Tribune) Christopher G. Crayton, Marion, has been named to the dean?s list of the College of Sciences and Humanities at Ball State University for the summer 2008 session. Awards presented to CDTV staff member and UM-Dearborn intern 09/10/08 (Dearborn Press & Guide) DEARBORN - Nick Wisniske, a member of the staff of city of Dearborn Television (CDTV), was recently named 2008 Spring/ Summer Mentor of the Year by the University of Michigan-Dearborn's Department of Humanities in the College of Arts, Sciences & Letters for his supervision of the educational experience of a student interning at CDTV. Site: humanities - Google News Habitat for Humanity's ReStore site of food drive - West Fargo Pioneer
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